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34 Works of Pandit Guru Datta Vidyarthi
converted into a 'goat';
memyai,
from root mi to injure, is given to
mean 'bleating';
suprang,
which means from root
prachh
to question,
'one who is able enough to put questions elegantly,' is translated as
'walking onward,' Pathah which only means drink or food, is
translated into 'path'; and lastly,
indra
and
pushan,
instead of
meaning the governing people and the strong are again made to
signify two deities with their proper names 'Indra' and 'Ptishan'.
Concerning the word Pathah, writes Yaska, vi.7.
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Mukhato nayanti,
which means, 'they bring out of the organ of
speech, or they explain or preach,' is translated by Max Muller into
'they lead before'.
It is thus clear that, in this one
mantra
alone, there are
nine
words that have been wrongly translated by Max Muller, and all is
due to this that the
yaugika
sense of the words has been ignored,
the
rurhi
or the
laukika
sense being every where forced in the
translation. The translation of the
mantra,
according to the sense
of the words we have given, will be —
"They who preach that only wealth earned by righteous
means should be appropriated and spent, and those born in
wisdom, who are well versed in questioning others elegantly, in
the science of forms, and in correcting the unwise, these and such
alone drink the potion of strength and of power to govern."
The connection of this
mantra
with the foregoing is that the
ashwa vidya,
spoken of in the first
mantra,
should be practiced only
by those who are possessed of righteous means, are wise, and have
the capacity to govern and control.
We come now to the 3rd
mantra
of 162nd Sukta.
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Max Muller translates it thus:
"This goat, destined for all the gods, is led first with the quick
horse, as Pashan's share; for Tvashtri himself raises to glory this
pleasant offering which is brought with the horse."
Here, again, we find the same artificial stretch of imagination
which is the characteristic of this translation. How can the goat be
'destined for all the gods,' and at the same time be Pushan's
share'