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Code Editor : mod_sql_passwd.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ProFTPD module mod_sql_passwd</title>
</head>

<hr>
<center>
<h2>ProFTPD module <code>mod_sql_passwd</code></h2>
</center>
<hr>

Many FTP sites use SQL databases for storing user accounts, including the
user name and password. And while the <code>mod_sql</code> module provides
support for some formats for the passwords stored in SQL databases, many
sites have other formats which are not supported by <code>mod_sql</code>.
These other formats often include MD5 or SHA1 passwords, base64-encoded
or hex-encoded, without the prefix which is required by
<code>mod_sql</code>'s "OpenSSL" <code>SQLAuthType</code>.

The <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module provides support for some of these
other formats. When the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module is enabled,
you can configure <code>SQLAuthTypes</code> of:
<ul>
 <li>Argon2
 <li>MD5
 <li>PBKDF2
 <li>Scrypt
 <li>SHA1
 <li>SHA256
 <li>SHA512
</ul>
as well as the existing types supported by <code>mod_sql</code>.

This module is contained in the <code>mod_sql_passwd.c</code> file for
ProFTPD 1.3.x, and is not compiled by default. Installation
instructions are discussed <a href="#Installation">here</a>; a discussion
on <a href="#Usage">usage</a> is also available.

This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the
OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).

This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
(eay@cryptsoft.com).

The most current version of <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> is distributed with
ProFTPD.

<h2>Author</h2>

Please contact TJ Saunders &lt;tj at castaglia.org&gt; with any
questions, concerns, or suggestions regarding this module.

<h2>Directives</h2>
<ul>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordArgon2">SQLPasswordArgon2</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordCost">SQLPasswordCost</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordEncoding">SQLPasswordEncoding</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordEngine">SQLPasswordEngine</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordOptions">SQLPasswordOptions</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordPBKDF2">SQLPasswordPBKDF2</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordRounds">SQLPasswordRounds</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordSaltEncoding">SQLPasswordSaltEncoding</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordSaltFile">SQLPasswordSaltFile</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordScrypt">SQLPasswordScrypt</a>
 <li><a href="#SQLPasswordUserSalt">SQLPasswordUserSalt</a>
</ul>

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordArgon2">SQLPasswordArgon2</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordArgon2 length 
Default: 32 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.6rc5 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordArgon2</code> directive configures the length
of the calculated Argon2 output hash in bytes. The default length
is 32 bytes.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordCost">SQLPasswordCost</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordCost interactive|sensitive 
Default: interactive 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.6rc3 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordCost</code> directive configures the high-level
cost settings to use for memory-hard algorithms like
<code>scrypt</code> and <code>argon2</code>. The supported cost
cost values are:
<ul>
 <li>interactive
 
 This cost uses parameters where generating the value is part of
 an "interactive" session.

For <code>scrypt</code>, depending on the version of <code>libsodium</code>
 used, this cost uses:
<pre>
 N=16384, r=8, p=1
</pre>
 </li>

<li>sensitive
 
 This cost uses parameters where the value generated is considered
 very "sensitive".

For <code>scrypt</code>, depending on the version of <code>libsodium</code>
 used, this cost uses:
<pre>
 N=1048576, r=8, p=1
</pre>
 </li>
</ul>

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordEncoding">SQLPasswordEncoding</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordEncoding encoding 
Default: hex 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.3rc2 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordEncoding</code> directive configures the encoding that
<code>mod_sql_passwd</code> expects when handling password values retrieved
from a SQL database.

The following encoding values are currently supported:
<ul>
 <li>base64
 <li>hex (for lowercase hex values)
 <li>HEX (for uppercase hex values)
</ul>

If no <code>SQLPasswordEncoding</code> directive is configured,
<code>mod_sql_passwd</code> will use "hex" by default.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordEngine">SQLPasswordEngine</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordEngine on|off 
Default: off 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.3rc2 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordEngine</code> directive enables or disables the module's
registered <code>SQLAuthType</code> handlers.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordOptions">SQLPasswordOptions</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordOptions opts 
Default: None 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.4rc2 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordOptions</code> directive is used to configure various
behaviors of <code>mod_sql_passwd</code>. Note: all of the configured
<code>SQLPasswordOptions</code> parameters must appear on the same line
in the configuration; only the first <code>SQLPassworOptions</code> directive
that appears in the configuration is used.

Example:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordOptions HashEncodeSalt HashEncodePassword
</pre>

The following options are currently supported:
<ul>
 <li><code>HashPassword</code>
 <li><code>HashEncodePassword</code>
 <li><code>HashSalt</code>
 <li><code>HashEncodeSalt</code>
</ul>

See the <a href="#Transformations">transformations</a> section for a fuller
description of how <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> operates on the password and
salt data.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordPBKDF2">SQLPasswordPBKDF2</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordPBKDF2 digest iterations length 
Default: None 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.5rc3 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordPBKDF2</code> directive configures the input parameters
to be used for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2">PBKDF2</a>
(Password-Based Key Derivation Function, version 2) passwords. The
digest parameter specifies the digest algorithm to use (e.g.
"sha1" or "sha512"); the iterations specifies the number of iterations
to use for the key derivation, and length indicates the number of
bytes to emit for the derived key.

Note that PBKDF2 requires that a salt be available, e.g.
via <a href="#SQLPasswordSaltFile"><code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code></a> or
<a href="#SQLPasswordUserSalt"><code>SQLPasswordUserSalt</code></a>.

Per <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2898.html">RFC 2898</a>, the salt
used should be 8 bytes or longer in length; this RFC also recommends that
iterations be 1000 or greater.

Example:
<pre>
 # Tell mod_sql to use PBKDF2 passwords
 SQLAuthTypes pbkdf2
 ...

# Use the SHA1 digest algorithm, 200K iterations, and expect an output
  # length of 20 bytes.
  SQLPasswordPBKDF2 sha1 200000 20

SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt/file
</pre>

Use of digest algorithms other than SHA1 for
<code>SQLPasswordPBKDF2</code> requires OpenSSL-1.0.0c or later; earlier
versions did not have the necessary APIs.

As of <code>proftpd-1.3.5</code>, the <code>SQLPasswordPBKDF2</code> directive
can instead take a named query, for determining the digest algorithm,
iteration count, and output length on a per-user basis. For example:
<pre>
 SQLNamedQuery get-user-pbkdf2 SELECT "algo, iter, len FROM user_pbkdf2 WHERE user = '%{0}'
 SQLPasswordPBKDF2 sql:/get-user-pbkdf2
</pre>

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordRounds">SQLPasswordRounds</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordRounds count 
Default: 1 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.4rc2 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordRounds</code> directive configures the number of
rounds through which the password (and possibly salt) data will be hashed
and encoded. The count parameter must be greater than 1.

See the <a href="#Transformations">transformations</a> section for a fuller
description of how <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> operates on the password and
salt data.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordSaltEncoding">SQLPasswordSaltEncoding</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordSaltEncoding encoding 
Default: none 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.6rc1 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordSaltEncoding</code> directive configures the encoding that
<code>mod_sql_passwd</code> expects when handling salt values
retrieved either from a SQL database, or from a file.

The following encoding values are currently supported:
<ul>
 <li>base64
 <li>hex (for lowercase hex values)
 <li>HEX (for uppercase hex values)
 <li>none (use salt value as is)
</ul>

If no <code>SQLPasswordSaltEncoding</code> directive is configured,
<code>mod_sql_passwd</code> will use "none" by default.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordSaltFile">SQLPasswordSaltFile</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordSaltFile path|"none" ["Prepend"|"Append"] 
Default: none 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.3rc2 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code> directive configures a file which contains
salt data. This salt will be added to the digest, along with the password
sent by the client. Note that the salt will be used for all users.

Since many editors will automatically add a newline when writing a file,
the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> file will automatically trim the last newline
in the salt data, if there is one. This means that if your salt must
end in a newline character, then your <code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code> must
contain "salt\n\n".

When using salted passwords, some systems will prepend the salt as a
prefix to the data, and others will append the salt as a suffix. The
optional second parameter to <code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code> controls how
this module will use the salt:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt Prepend
</pre>
tells <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> to prepend the salt as a prefix, and:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt Append
</pre>
will cause the salt to be appended as a sufix. Note that the default
behavior is to append the salt as a suffix.

If no <code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code> is configured, then no salting is done.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordScrypt">SQLPasswordScrypt</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordScrypt length 
Default: 32 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.6rc5 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordScrypt</code> directive configures the length
of the calculated Scrypt output hash in bytes. The default length
is 32 bytes.

<hr>
<h3><a name="SQLPasswordUserSalt">SQLPasswordUserSalt</a></h3>
Syntax: SQLPasswordUserSalt "name"|source ["Prepend"|"Append"] 
Default: none 
Context: server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code> 
Module: mod_sql_passwd 
Compatibility: 1.3.3 and later

The <code>SQLPasswordUserSalt</code> directive configures a per-user
salt that will be added to the digest, along with the password sent by the
client.

If "name" is specified, then the per-user salt data will be the
name of the user logging in. Alternatively, you can configure a
<code>SQLNamedQuery</code> which returns a single column of a single
row, containing a string to use as the salt data, e.g.:
<pre>
 SQLNamedQuery get-user-salt SELECT "salt FROM user_salts WHERE user_name = '%{0}'"
 SQLPasswordUserSalt sql:/get-user-salt
</pre>

When using salted passwords, some systems will prepend the salt as a
prefix to the data, and others will append the salt as a suffix. The
optional second parameter to <code>SQLPasswordUserSalt</code> controls how
this module will use the salt:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordUserSalt name Prepend
 SQLPasswordUserSalt sql:/get-user-salt Prepend
</pre>
tells <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> to prepend the salt as a prefix, and:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordUserSalt name Append
 SQLPasswordUserSalt sql:/get-user-salt Append
</pre>
will cause the salt to be appended as a sufix. Note that the default
behavior is to append the salt as a suffix.

<hr>
<h2><a name="Installation">Installation</a></h2>
The <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module is distributed with ProFTPD. Simply
follow the normal steps for using third-party modules in proftpd. The
<code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module requires OpenSSL support, so you must
use the <code>--enable-openssl</code> configuration option. In addition,
if you have the <code>libsodium</code> library installed, simply include the
<code>libsodium</code> headers/libraries in the build command to enable
additional algorithms.

NOTE: it is important that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> appear
after <code>mod_sql</code> in your <code>--with-modules</code> configure
option:
<pre>
 $ ./configure --enable-openssl --with-modules=mod_sql:mod_sql_passwd ...
</pre>
To build <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> as a DSO module:
<pre>
 $ ./configure --enable-dso --enable-openssl --with-shared=mod_sql_passwd
</pre>
Then follow the usual steps:
<pre>
 $ make
 $ make install
</pre>

For those with an existing ProFTPD installation, you can use the
<code>prxs</code> tool to add <code>mod_sql_passwd</code>, as a DSO module, to
your existing server:
<pre>
 $ prxs -c -i -d mod_sql_passwd.c
</pre>

<hr>
<h2><a name="Usage">Usage</a></h2>

The following examples demonstrate how the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> can
be used.

To configure <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> to handle MD5 passwords that are
base64-encoded, use:
<pre>
 &lt;IfModule mod_sql_passwd.c&gt;
 SQLPasswordEngine on
 SQLPasswordEncoding base64
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;

&lt;IfModule mod_sql.c&gt;
    ...

# Now that mod_sql_passwd is used, we can configure "MD5" as an
 # SQLAuthType that mod_sql will handle.
 SQLAuthTypes MD5
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;
</pre>

To have <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> to handle hex-encoded (and in
lowercase) passwords, use:
<pre>
 &lt;IfModule mod_sql_passwd.c&gt;
 SQLPasswordEngine on
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;
</pre>

And if for some reason your database values are stored as hex values in
uppercase, you would use:
<pre>
 &lt;IfModule mod_sql_passwd.c&gt;
 SQLPasswordEngine on
 SQLPasswordEncoding HEX
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;
</pre>

To use salted passwords, write the salt to use into a file, and configure
the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module to use it:
<pre>
 &lt;IfModule mod_sql_passwd.c&gt;
 SQLPasswordEngine on
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;
</pre>

<a name="SQLPasswordSodium">
Argon2, Scrypt 
When <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> is compiled/linked with the <a href="https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium"><code>libsodium</code></a> library, then the
Argon2 and Scrypt algorithms become available for use:
<pre>
 &lt;IfModule mod_sql_passwd.c&gt;
 SQLPasswordEngine on
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;

&lt;IfModule mod_sql.c&gt;
    ...

# Now that mod_sql_passwd is used, we can configure "SCRYPT" as an
 # SQLAuthType that mod_sql will handle.
 SQLAuthTypes SCRYPT
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;
</pre>

The <code>scrypt</code> algorithm requires 32 bytes of salt data;
lack of salt, or salt of the wrong amount, will result in authentication
failure. The <code>argon2</code> algorithm requires 16 bytes of salt
data; lack of salt or the wrong amount will result in failure.

The <code>argon2</code> algorithm requires <code>libsodium-1.0.9</code> or
later.

Logging 
The <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module supports <a href="../howto/Tracing.html">trace logging</a>, via the module-specific log
channels:
<ul>
 <li>sql.passwd
</ul>
Thus for trace logging, to aid in debugging, you would use the following in
your <code>proftpd.conf</code>:
<pre>
 TraceLog /path/to/ftpd/trace.log
 Trace sql.passwd:20
</pre>
This trace logging can generate large files; it is intended for debugging use
only, and should be removed from any production configuration.

<a name="Transformations">
Processing of Password and Salt Data 
The logical description of the processing that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code>
does can be expressed as:
<pre>
 ENCODE(HASH(data))
</pre>
where data is comprised of the password, and possibly a salt. The
function <code>ENCODE()</code> is determined by
<a href="#SQLPasswordEncoding"><code>SQLPasswordEncoding</code></a>, and
the function <code>HASH()</code> by <code>SQLAuthTypes</code>.

Thus if we use a configuration like:
<pre>
 SQLAuthTypes MD5
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
</pre>
Then <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> performs the following processing:
<pre>
 hex(MD5(data))
</pre>
in order to calculate the value that it will compare against the password
value stored for the authenticating client.

Using Salts 
By default, the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module uses the password, as
sent by the client, as the data on which to perform its processing.
In many cases, however, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography)">salt</a> is needed in addition to the password. The
<a href="#SQLPasswordSaltFile"><code>SQLPasswordSaltFile</code></a> and
<a href="#SQLPasswordUserSalt"><code>SQLPasswordUserSalt</code></a> directives
are used to tell <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> that it should add a salt
to the data before processing it. These directives also specify whether the
salt should be prepended to the password, e.g.:
<pre>
 data = salt + password
</pre>
or appended to the password, e.g.:
<pre>
 data = password + salt
</pre>

Let's show a configuration which uses a prepended salt:
<pre>
 SQLAuthTypes MD5
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt.data Prepend
</pre>
This means that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> would end up checking the
following computed value against the value in the database:
<pre>
 hex(MD5(salt + password))
</pre>

Some sites will have even more complex requirements for how the data
processed by <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> need to be constructed. The salt
data may need to be hashed before being used with the password, or may need
to be hashed and encoded before use. Or maybe the password data needs
to be hashed before use with the salt, or hashed and encoded. 
The <a href="#SQLPasswordOptions"><code>SQLPasswordOptions</code></a> directive
supports options for supporting these use cases.

Each of the following examples assumes the following configuration:
<pre>
 SQLAuthTypes MD5
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 SQLPasswordSaltFile /path/to/salt.data Prepend
</pre>
Let's look at each of the <code>SQLPasswordOptions</code> in turn:
<ul>
 <li><code>HashPassword</code>
 
 This option says that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> should use the
 <code>HASH()</code> function on the password data before using it,
 regardless of whether a salt is used or not. I.e.:
<pre>
 data = salt + HASH(password)
</pre>
 which assuming hex and MD5, means:
<pre>
 data = salt + MD5(password)
</pre>
 </li>

<li><code>HashSalt</code>
 
 This option says that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> should use the
 <code>HASH()</code> function on the salt data before using it.
 If no salt is used, this option is silently ignored. Thus:
<pre>
 data = HASH(salt) + password
</pre>
 which assuming hex and MD5, means:
<pre>
 data = MD5(salt) + password
</pre>
 </li>

<li><code>HashEncodePassword</code>
 
 This option says that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> should use the
 <code>HASH()</code> function and then the <code>ENCODE()</code> function
 on the password data before using it. This option is only
 useful when salts are also used. Thus:
<pre>
 data = salt + ENCODE(HASH(password))
</pre>
 which assuming hex and MD5, means:
<pre>
 data = salt + hex(MD5(password))
</pre>
 Note: If no salt is present, this option will be ignored. Without
 a salt, this option is equivalent to adding another round of transformation,
 which is not an obvious side effect.
 </li>

<li><code>HashEncodeSalt</code>
 
 This option says that <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> should use the
 <code>HASH()</code> function and then the <code>ENCODE()</code> function
 on the salt data before using it. If no salt is used, this option is
 silently ignored. Thus:
<pre>
 data = ENCODE(HASH(salt)) + password
</pre>
 which assuming hex and MD5, means:
<pre>
 data = hex(MD5(salt)) + password
</pre>
 </li>
</ul>

Of course, these various options can be combined:
<pre>
 SQLPasswordOptions HashEncodePassword HashEncodeSalt
</pre>
which would cause the data on which <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> operates to
be constructed like so:
<pre>
 data = ENCODE(HASH(salt)) + ENCODE(HASH(password))
 data = hex(MD5(salt)) + hex(MD5(password))
</pre>

Rounds 
For convenience, let's assume that the function <code>TRANSFORM</code>
encompasses the entire <code>ENCODE(HASH())</code> operation:
<pre>
 TRANSFORM(data) = ENCODE(HASH(data))
</pre>
Let's also assume that passwords are stored in your database using something
like this:
<pre>
 hex(MD5(hex(MD5(hex(MD5(data))))))
</pre>
That means that the data value has gone through multiple rounds
of the <code>TRANSFORM</code> function, e.g.:
<pre>
 TRANSFORM(TRANSFORM(TRANSFORM(data)))
</pre>
In this case, there are 3 rounds of transformation:
<pre>
 for (i = 0; i &lt; nrounds; i++) {
 data = TRANSFORM(data)
 }
</pre>

Using the above example case, you would configure <code>mod_sql_passwd</code>
to perform multiple rounds of transformation using the
<a href="#SQLPasswordRounds"><code>SQLPasswordRounds</code></a> directive,
like so:
<pre>
 SQLAuthTypes MD5
 SQLPasswordEncoding hex
 SQLPasswordRounds 3
</pre>
The combination of <code>SQLPasswordOptions</code> and
<code>SQLPasswordRounds</code> means that quite few combinations of password
values can be supported by the <code>mod_sql_passwd</code> module.

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